Appendices

Appendices

Small Bodies of the Solar System

This table was provided by Dan Green of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

SMALLER BODIES OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM OBJECT ORBITAL CHARACTERISTICS Official IAU Designation/Name Type q Q P i R (2062) Aten A 0.79 1.14 0.95 19 0.5t (3200) Phaethon A 0.14 2.4 1.4 22 3.5t (1862) Apollo A 0.65 2.3 1.8 6 1 t (5261) Eureka A 1.42 1.6 1.9 20 1.5a (1221) Amor A 1.08 2.8 2.7 12 1 a (434) Hungaria A 1.80 2.1 2.7 22 15 a 1994 XM1 A 0.90 3.1 2.8 6 0.005a 2P/Encke C 0.33 4.1 3.28 12 1.5t (4) Vesta A 2.15 2.6 3.6 7 260 t (3) Juno A 1.99 3.4 4.4 13 134 o (2) Pallas A 2.12 3.4 4.6 35 262 o (1) Ceres A 2.56 3.0 4.6 11 466 o 96P/Machholz 1 C 0.12 5.9 5.24 60 3 a 22P/Kopff C 1.58 5.3 6.45 5 2.5? (153) Hilda A 3.41 4.6 7.9 8 88 a (588) Achilles A 4.42 6.0 11.8 10 74 a (944) Hidalgo A 1.97 9.6 13.9 43 18 a 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 C 5.77 6.3 14.9 9 10 ? (5335) Damocles A 1.58 22.2 41.0 62 5 a (2060) Chiron A/C 8.45 19.0 50.8 7 99 t 1P/Halley C 0.59 35.1 76.0 162 6 i (5145) Pholus A 8.7 32.0 91.8 25 80 a 109P/Swift-Tuttle C 0.96 51.3 135 113 3 ? 1993 SC T 32.4 46.6 248 5 100 a Pluto T 29.7 50.0 251 17 1150 o 1993 FW T 41.8 45.9 291 8 100 a 1992 QB1 T 40.9 47.0 291 2 100 a C/1965 S1 (Ikeya-Seki) C 0.0078 183 880 142 * C/1983 H1 (IRAS-Araki-Alcock) C 0.99 200 1000 73 1 ? C/1991 R1 (McNaught-Russell) C 6.99 (22000) 150000 105 5 a C/1975 V1 (West) C 0.20 (14000) (6400000) 43 * _______ KEY: Types: C = comet, A = asteroidal object (starlike appearance), T = trans-Neptunian object (most or all of its orbit lies beyond that of Neptune) q = perihelion distance (AU); Q = aphelion distance (AU); P = orbital period (years); i = inclination of orbit with respect to the ecliptic (degrees); e = eccentricity of the orbit (0 = circular; 1 = parabolic); R = average radius of the body in km (o = measured via occulation; i = measured by imaging; a = estimated by brightness and assumed albedo; t = theoretical determination with input from radiometry, polarimetric, speckle interferometry, and/or radar measurements; * = multiple pieces, sizes highly uncertain). NOTE: the final "1" in 1992 QB1 and 1994 XM1 is a subscript

Elements 110, 111, and 112 created

Using the same technique as was used for discovering element 110, the German team discovered three atoms of element 111 in December 1994. To do so, they bombarded bismuth-209 with nickel-63. The resultant atoms of element 111 decayed into previously unknown isotopes of elements 109 and then 107. In February 1995, they created element 112. The single nucleus, with 165 neutrons, decayed in less than a microsecond, but the researchers could follow the alpha particles it emitted as it decayed.


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