nPolicies designed to limit urban expansion have tended
to focus on a few
variables
Transportation costs and modal choice
Combat car culture
Provide mass transit alternatives
Limit road building
Rural to urban migration and population growth
Enhance economic opportunity in rural areas
Residence permits for cities
nConsiderable urban expansion occurs naturally as a
result of economic growth
nLimiting migration could be effective but ...
Economic costs
Consistency with guarantees of free mobility
nRegulation on use of groundwater combined with limits on
infrastructure provision might prove
effective