www.astronomynotes.com search into chapter on history of astronomy for epicycle deferent motion; retrograde - animation. Ditto for representation of retrograde from Copernican point of view, in Renaissance astronomy. Animation.
At the end of this section, you will find material under Galileo which discusses some of the classical "proofs" of the Copernican ideas that the earth rotates on its axis and revolves around the sun.
www.montgomerybell.com/~clarkb/ch06.htm written summary comparisons of the pros and cons of Copernican and Ptolemaic astronomy. Good overview, w/o diagrams.